Lee Lozano

Lozano’s works during this time frequently incorporated text as well—tongue-in-cheek slogans drawn from advertising and popular culture, forcefully rendered in black letters across images of body parts, religious symbols, pipes and other libidinally charged objects. In these works, text and image form a complex network of associations that mine social, sexual, and political mores. In the years 1962 to 1963, Lozano’s lexicon expanded to include anthropomorphic airplanes and tools. Airplanes, in particular, began whizzing around her compositions with heightened symbolic force, serving both as representations of masculine intrusions into feminine space and as metaphors for the raw, uninhibited energy essential to creative activity.

Around 1964, Lozano abandoned humorous textual interplay and ribald imagery in favor of unadorned depictions of tools. Various hardware associated with male power and productivity—screwdrivers, bolts, wrenches, clamps, hammers—became grounds for both formal and symbolic exploration. Emphasizing the sexual undertones these objects possess, Lozano’s tool drawings highlight the inherent violence of desire and the erotic tension endemic to a union of the mechanical and the organic.

By 1965, Lozano’s work had become more minimalist and geometric, increasingly focused on how to represent energy as form. Her notebooks from this period document a strong interest in various energy phenomena and the fields of quantum mechanics and cosmology. In preliminary sketches for a series of large-scale canvases, cones and cylinders delineated within a singular rectangular frame act as agents of speed, suggesting accelerated movement. Although sleeker and absent of the caricature-like quality of many of her earlier drawings, these works are charged with a similar undercurrent of motion and creative force. Lozano’s exploration of energy marked the final chapter of her artistic pursuits, culminating in her iconic ‘Wave Paintings,’ a powerful testament to her rare vision, intellect and intensity.